Effects of Repetitive, Varied Training, and Mental Visualization on High Schoolers' Badminton Service Accuracy

Candrini Candrini 1 Indonesia , Muh Adnan Hudain 1 Indonesia , Rusli Rusli 1 Indonesia
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
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Published 2026-09-02
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) PAGES 94-105
DOI 10.51574/ijrer.v6i1.4764
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This study investigated the efficacy of physical repetition–variation training compared to mental visualization training in improving short service accuracy among high school badminton extracurricular students. Driven by low baseline service performance, a quantitative experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was conducted. Thirty students were selected via total sampling and assigned into two equal experimental groups using ordinal pairing: Group 1 received combined repetition and variation physical training, while Group 2 received mental visualization training alongside basic practice over 14 sessions (3 times/week for 5 weeks). Short service accuracy was measured using a standardized target-based test (7 trials, scored 1–5). Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests (α=0.05). Both physical repetition-variation (t=4.993, p<0.05) and mental visualization training (t=9.219, p<0.05) significantly enhanced short service accuracy. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two interventions (t=0.890, p=0.381), despite physical training demonstrating a slightly higher mean gain (1.27 points). In conclusion, both physical repetition-variation and mental visualization are equally viable methods for optimizing serving precision in young athletes, highlighting mental imagery as a valuable low-cost alternative in sports pedagogy.

Candrini, C., Hudain, M. A., & Rusli, R. (2026). Effects of Repetitive, Varied Training, and Mental Visualization on High Schoolers’ Badminton Service Accuracy. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 6(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v6i1.4764
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Keywords
Badminton Mental Visualization School Extracurricular Activities Short Serve Accuracy Variation Training