This study examines the urgency of technological innovation in addressing the challenges of visualizing abstract concepts in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects in elementary schools, particularly within the context of the Independent Curriculum. The focus of this study is to map Augmented Reality (AR) research trends during the 2018–2025 period to identify scientific evolution and future strategic development opportunities. This study screened 27 high-quality articles from the Scopus database using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach that follows the PRISMA protocol, combined with bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer. The research findings show (1) Publication Surge: There has been an exponential increase in AR research post-2020. (2) Pedagogical Effectiveness: AR has been proven significant in improving cognitive learning outcomes and intrinsic motivation through project-based inquiry approaches and personalized learning. (3) Asian countries dominate the research landscape, collaborating across disciplines in reputable journals (Q1). Although AR has the potential to transform the understanding of integrative concepts in IPAS (Integrated Physical and Applied Sciences), there are still gaps in longitudinal study designs and challenges in technology accessibility in rural areas. The results of this study provide a strong foundation for the development of a curriculum based on cutting-edge pedagogy and serve as a catalyst for inclusive education research to strengthen the profile of adaptive and innovative Pancasila students.
- Abdul Waheed, K., & Panneerselvam, T. (2025). Adoption of virtual reality in secondary school education: extending the diffusion of innovation theory. International Journal of Educational Management, 39(4), 937-953. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2024-0399
- AlGerafi, M. A., Zhou, Y., Oubibi, M., & Wijaya, T. T. (2023). Unlocking the potential: A comprehensive evaluation of augmented reality and virtual reality in education. Electronics, 12(18), 3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183953
- Alkhabra, Y. A., Ibrahem, U. M., & Alkhabra, S. A. (2023). Augmented reality technology in enhancing learning retention and critical thinking according to STEAM program. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01650-w
- Buchner, J., Buntins, K., & Kerres, M. (2022). The impact of augmented reality on cognitive load and performance: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12617
- Chang, Y. S., Hu, K. J., Chiang, C. W., & Lugmayr, A. (2019). Applying mobile augmented reality (AR) to teach interior design students in layout plans: Evaluation of learning effectiveness based on the ARCS model of learning motivation theory. Sensors, 20(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010105
- Chasanah, M., & Wiyani, N. A. (2024). Implementation of the Nested Integrated Learning Model in IPAS Material for 4th Grade. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 14(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v14i2.27798
- Chiu, T. K. (2024). Using self-determination theory (SDT) to explain student STEM interest and identity development. Instructional Science, 52(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-023-09642-8
- Dargan, S., Bansal, S., Kumar, M., Mittal, A., & Kumar, K. (2023). Augmented Reality: A Comprehensive Review: S. Dargan et al. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30(2), 1057-1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09831-7
- Diyaurrahman, R. N. F., Laila, A., & Mukmin, B. A. (2025). Augmented Reality in Primary Education: Exploring Teachers’ Readiness and Needs for Innovative Learning Media. Pedagogia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 17(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.55215/pedagogia.v17i1.48
- Elford, D., Lancaster, S. J., & Jones, G. A. (2022). Exploring the effect of augmented reality on cognitive load, attitude, spatial ability, and stereochemical perception. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 31(3), 322-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-022-09957-0
- Englund, H., Stockhult, H., Du Rietz, S., Nilsson, A., & Wennblom, G. (2023). Learning-environment uncertainty and students’ approaches to learning: A self-determination theory perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 67(4), 559-573. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2022.2042734
- Faria, A., & Miranda, G. L. (2024). Augmented reality in natural sciences and biology teaching: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Emerging Science Journal, 8(4), 1666-1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-025
- Garg, N., Kaur, A., Ahmad, F., & Dutta, R. (2025). Augmenting education: The transformative power of AR, AI, and emerging technologies. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2025(1), 5681184. https://doi.org/10.1155/hbe2/5681184
- Jannah, I. K., Widarti, H. R., & Utama, C. (2026). Analysis Of Ipas Learning Problems In The Merdeka Curriculum At Grade V. JHSS (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 8(3), 371-376. https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss/article/view/9461
- Ko, Y., & Shin, W. S. (2023). Exploring teachers’ intention to integrate technology: a comparison between online-and AR/VR-based instruction. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 32(4), 537-554. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2023.2237037
- Kormos, E. (2022). Technology as a facilitator in the learning process in urban high-needs schools: Challenges and opportunities. Education and Urban Society, 54(2), 146-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245211004555
- Lacoche, J., Villain, E., & Foulonneau, A. (2022). Evaluating usability and user experience of AR applications in VR simulation. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, 881318. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.881318
- Meronda, D. A., Widarti, H. R., & Yahmin, Y. (2025). Virtual Laboratories in Science Education: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness on Conceptual Understanding and Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 26(3), 2020-2042. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v26i3.pp2020-2042
- Mourtzis, D., Angelopoulos, J., & Panopoulos, N. (2022). A Literature Review of the Challenges and Opportunities of the Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0. Energies, 15(17), 6276. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176276
- Mucti, A., Nurmala, R., & Hermansyah, H. (2025). Analysis of the Needs Augmented Reality-Based Learning Media: Spatial Structure Material in Junior High Schools. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 5(1), 705-716. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v5i1.4449
- Najib, M., & Suprihatiningrum, J. (2025). Development of Augmented Reality (AR) IPAS learning media to improve critical thinking skills of elementary school students. IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching), 9(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v9i1.9304
- Nikimaleki, M., & Rahimi, M. (2022). Effects of a collaborative AR‐enhanced learning environment on learning gains and technology implementation beliefs: Evidence from a graduate teacher training course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(3), 758-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12646
- Perifanou, M., Economides, A. A., & Nikou, S. A. (2022). Teachers’ views on integrating augmented reality in education: Needs, opportunities, challenges and recommendations. Future Internet, 15(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15010020
- Rahimi, R. A., & Oh, G. S. (2024). Rethinking the role of educators in the 21st century: navigating globalization, technology, and pandemics. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(2), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00303-4
- Sanfilippo, F., Blazauskas, T., Salvietti, G., Ramos, I., Vert, S., Radianti, J., ... & Oliveira, D. (2022). A perspective review on integrating VR/AR with haptics into STEM education for multi-sensory learning. Robotics, 11(2), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020041
- Sari, P. S., & Maemonah, M. (2024). Analysis of project-based learning in IPAS subjects at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: A progressivism perspective. Al-Adzka: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 14(2), 106-120. https://doi.org/10.18592/aladzkapgmi.v14i2.13215
- Surul, R., & Septiliana, L. (2023). Analysis of the implementation of ipas (natural and social sciences) learning in the merdeka curriculum. Educatio: Journal of Education, 8(2), 320-328. https://www.ejournal.staimnglawak.ac.id/index.php/educatio/article/view/1301
- Susanti, S., Maftuh, B., & Dwiputra, D. F. K. (2024). Exploring the implementation of augmented reality in Indonesia elementary schools: A systematic literature review. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences, 36, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.55549/epess.835
- Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., ... & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and information technologies, 28(6), 6695-6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
- Wiraha, M. A., & Sudarma, I. K. (2023). Augmented reality-oriented problem-based learning in natural science materials. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(3), 458-466. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i3.60618
- Zhang, W., & Wang, Z. (2021). Theory and practice of VR/AR in K-12 science education—a systematic review. Sustainability, 13(22), 12646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212646
Copyright (c) 2026 Salsabila Aziz, Chairul Amriyah, Yudesta Erfayliana

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Fadhilah Khairunnisa, Syofnidah Ifrianti, Yudesta Erfayliana, Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Wordwalls: Learning Motivation at Elementary School Students' , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
- Rio Wansyah, Ida Fiteriani, Yudesta Erfayliana, Project Based Learning Model Assisted by Mind Mapping Media: Student Creativity in IPAS Lessons at Public Islamic Elementary , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
- Julita Julita, Nurul Hidayah, Yudesta Erfayliana, The Frayer Learning Model Assisted by Flashcard Media: Descriptive Text Writing Skills of Islamic Elementary School Students , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
- Aliyah Muslikah, Chairul Amriyah, Ayu Reza Ningrum, Make A Match Learning Model on Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools: A Bibliometric Analysis , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
Similar Articles
- Rafa Adilla Azhari, Nurul Hidayah, Rahma Diani, Diah Rizki Nur Kalifah, Bibliometric Analysis of Problem-Based Learning Model with STEM Approach: Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
- Tasya Lumamena, Leonid Ritiauw, Samuel P. Ritiauw, Horay Course Review Learning Model: Student Learning Outcomes in Material of Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom in Indonesia , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): March
- Dean R. Matital, Elsinora Mahananingtyas, Leonid Ritiauw, Controversial Issue Learning Model: Social Studies Learning Outcomes at Elementary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): March
- Indry Lenisari Rehiara, Ribka L. Ririhena, Zainudin Notanubun, The Use of Digital Comick Media in Improving the Reading Ability of Grade V Students of State Elementary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
- Umi Muslikhatul Khazanah, Baharudin Baharudin, Yuli Yanti, Contextual Teaching and Learning Model: Explosion Box Media on Learning Activity in Elementary School Students' IPAS Subjects , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
- Zarniati Zarniati, Samuel Patra Ritiauw, Leonid Ritiauw, Analysis of the Teacher’s Role in Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills: Social Studies Learning at Elementary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): June
- Thomas Picarima, Ribka L. Ririhena, Musa Marsel Maipauw, Speed Reading Method to Improve Reading Comprehension Skills among Fifth-Grade Students Primary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
- Syane Ina Darisera, Ribka L Ririhena, Zainudin Notanubun, The Use of Audio-Visual Media in Improving the Ability to Listen to Fairy Tales of Elementary School Students , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): March
- Martha Sendi Laurika, Zainudin Notanubun, Stelie D. Ratumanan, Students' Poetry Writing Skills Through the Mind Mapping Method: A Remote Indonesian Elementary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): June - September
- Kiswita Papuanga, Zainudin Notanubun, Ribka L Ririhena, The Utilization of Audiovisual Media in Improving Short Story Writing Skill of Fourth Grade Students at Elementary School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.


















