Application of Service Duel Approach to Improve High Secondary School Students' Badminton Backhand Serve Accuracy

Fransiskus Saferius Nitit 1 Indonesia , Suwardi Suwardi 1 Indonesia , Suriah Hanafi 1 Indonesia
1 Department of Physical Education and Sports, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
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Published 2026-09-05
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) PAGES 294-304
DOI 10.51574/ijrer.v6i1.5179
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Low psychomotor skill levels in badminton backhand serves remain a persistent challenge in high school physical education due to monotonous, teacher-centered instructional approaches. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) investigated the effectiveness of the Service Duel Approach—a paired, game-based competitive framework—in improving backhand serve accuracy, technical understanding, and learning engagement among 24 ninth-grade students at High Secondary School YP PGRI 1 Makassar (selected via purposeful sampling). Guided by the Kemmis and McTaggart action research cycle, data were collected over two cycles using a validated zone-based psychomotor service test (content validity index CVI = 0.88, inter-rater reliability ICC = 0.91), a cognitive understanding test (KR-20 = 0.84), and a structured affective observation sheet. Baseline observations indicated severe deficit, with only 12.50% of participants achieving the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKTP ≥ 80; M = 68.00). Following Cycle I interventions, mastery reached 41.67% (M = 74.50). With refined targeted corrective feedback, basic mechanical drills, and peer assessment in Cycle II, 100.00% of participants met the mastery threshold (M = 83.42). While the 100% completion rate reflects specific classroom success within the CAR framework, potential novelty effects and short evaluation windows represent acknowledged study boundaries. The findings demonstrate that structured gamified duels successfully optimize psychomotor coordination and motor learning.

Nitit, F. S., Suwardi, S., & Hanafi, S. (2026). Application of Service Duel Approach to Improve High Secondary School Students’ Badminton Backhand Serve Accuracy . ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 6(1), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v6i1.5179
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Keywords
Badminton Backhand Serve Classroom Action Research Game-Based Learning Physical Education Service Duel Approach