Accessibility of Sports Facilities and Its Impact on Skill Development Among Junior and Senior High School Student-Athletes

Ians Aprilo; Poppy Elisano Arfanda; M. Adam Mappaompo

doi:10.51574/ijrer.v5i3.4971

Authors

Ians Aprilo Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar
Poppy Elisano Arfanda Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar
M. Adam Mappaompo Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar

Keywords:

Accessibility, Skill Development, Sports Facilities, Student-Athletes, Urban Area

Abstract

In rapidly developing urban areas like Makassar City, the commercialization of public spaces often limits school-aged athletes' access to standardized training infrastructure, presenting a structural barrier frequently overlooked in sports pedagogy. This study analyzes the relationship between sports facility accessibility and the skill development of junior and senior high school student-athletes in Makassar. Employing a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, the study involved a purposive sample of 30 student-athletes aged 12–15 years with a maximum of two years of training experience. Facility accessibility was measured via a comprehensive questionnaire, while motor skills were assessed through a standardized basic sports skills test, controlling for training frequency and motivation. Data were analyzed using Pearson and partial correlation tests. The results revealed a positive, significant, and moderate relationship between sports facility accessibility and student-athlete skills (r = 0.465; p = 0.001). Training frequency (r = 0.435; p = 0.002) and motivation (r = 0.413; p = 0.002) also significantly correlated with skills. Crucially, partial correlation confirmed that the facility accessibility-skill relationship remained independently significant even after controlling for both frequency and motivation (r = 0.405; p = 0.003). This study proves that the physical environment acts as an independent determinant of motor performance within urban sports pedagogy and sociology. Practically, it provides an empirical foundation for policymakers to design school-centered, highly accessible sports infrastructures to secure sustainable youth athlete development.

References

Angelo, G., Id, N., Id, G. T., Scardina, A., Agnese, M., Thomas, E., Bianco, A., & Palma, A. (2023). Functional fitness , lifestyle and demographic factors as predictors of perceived physical and mental health in older adults : A structural equation model. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290258

Aprilo, I., Arfanda, P. E., Juhanis, Gani, R. A., & Setiawan, E. (2025). Running for health: Self-rated physical health, mental health, and well-being among fun runners in South Sulawesi. Sport Area, 10(1), 132–147. https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/sportive/article/view/9508

Aprilo, I., Arfanda, P. E., Mappaompo, M. A., Priambodo, A., & Sulfa, M. (2025). A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Flat and Spin Serves in Direct Points Simulation Matches. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreations, 14(2), 666–672. https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v14i2.28359

Bazzanella, F., Schnitzer, M., Peters, M., Bichler, B. F., Bazzanella, F., Schnitzer, M., Peters, M., Fabian, B., & Peters, M. (2023). The role of sports events in developing tourism destinations : a systematized review and future research agenda. JOURNAL OF SPORT & TOURISM, 27(2), 77–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2023.2186925

Crespo, M., Martínez-Gallego, R., & Filipcic, A. (2024). Determining the tactical and technical level of competitive tennis players using a competency model: a systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6(July). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1406846

Deng, N., Soh, K. G., Abdullah, B. Bin, & Huang, D. (2024). Does Motor Imagery Training Improve Service Performance in Tennis Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030207

Filipcic, A. (2024). Designing a sustainable structure for tennis competitions at the national and regional level. Coaching & Sport Science Review, August(92), 41–45. https://itfcoachingreview.com/index.php/journal/article/view/586

Granacher, U., & Borde, R. (2017). Effects of sport-specific training during the early stages of long-term athlete development on physical fitness, body composition, cognitive, and academic performances. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 810. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00810

Hakim, H., Sahabuddin, S., & Bismar, A. R. (2025). The Role of Sports Facility Management in Supporting Competitive Tennis Player Development. Indonesian Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 290-306. https://ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/ijsm/article/view/13955

Han, Y., Syed Ali, S. K. B., & Ji, L. (2022). Use of observational learning to promote motor skill learning in physical education: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610109

Kalaja, S. P., Jaakkola, T. T., Liukkonen, J. O., & Digelidis, N. (2012). Development of junior high school students' fundamental movement skills and physical activity in a naturalistic physical education setting. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 17(4), 411-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2011.603124

Kang, W., & Liu, Y. (2023). A biomechanics-based study of stroke technique in student tennis players. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 8(2), 3383–3392.

Komalasari, R. (2023). Integrating sport education model and the athletics challenges approach for transformative physical education in Indonesian Middle Schools. Motion: Jurnal Riset Physical Education, 13(2), 118-135. https://jurnal.unismabekasi.ac.id/index.php/motion/article/view/7372

Koopmann, T., Faber, I., Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2020). Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 50(9), 1593–1611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4

Lee, H. W., Chang, K., & Bunds, K. (2026). How Self-Determination Theory Explains the Dynamic Ecosystem of Esports: From Gaming to Life Skills. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2026.2626090

Linnér, L., Stambulova, N., & Henriksen, K. (2022). Facilitating student-athletes’ dual career transition: A Scandinavian university case study. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 11(2), 107. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2022-01208-001

Liu, S., Wu, C., Xiao, S., Liu, Y., & Song, Y. (2024). Optimizing young tennis players’ development: Exploring the impact of emerging technologies on training effectiveness and technical skills acquisition. PLoS ONE, 19(8 August), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307882

Liu, X. (2022). Methods of Core Strength Training in College Tennis Players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 28(6), 771–774. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0103

Lochhead, L., Feng, J., Laby, D. M., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2024). Training vision in athletes to improve sports performance: a systematic review of the literature. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2024.2437385

Luo, Y., Cao, Y., Pan, X., Li, S., Koh, D., & Shi, Y. (2025). Effects of stroboscopic visual training on reaction time and movement accuracy in collegiate athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10393-4

Ma’mun, A., Anggorowati, R., Risma, R., Slamet, S., & Anira, A. (2022). An historical overview of the culture of sports in Indonesia: global issues and challenges for future Indonesian sports development policies. Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 1(2), 161-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/27690148.2022.2119091

Meer, B. R. Van Der, Hoven, M. A. C. Van Den, Kamp, J. Van Der, Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Meer, B. R. Van Der. (2024). Self-Controlled Video Feedback Facilitates the Learning of Tactical Skills in Tennis Self-Controlled Video Feedback Facilitates the Learning of Tactical Skills in Tennis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 95(2), 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2023.2275801

Mölenberg, F. J. M., de Waart, F., Burdorf, A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2020). Hosting elite sport events to target recreational sport participation: an interrupted time series analysis. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(4), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1839530

Müller, S., Morris-Binelli, K., Hambrick, D. Z., & Macnamara, B. N. (2024). Accelerating Visual Anticipation in Sport Through Temporal Occlusion Training: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 54(10), 2597–2606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02073-6

North, J. S., Bezodis, N. E., Murphy, C. P., Runswick, O. R., Pocock, C., & Roca, A. (2019). The effect of consistent and varied follow-through practice schedules on learning a table tennis backhand. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(6), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1522683

Oliveira, V., Menayo, R., & Fuentes-García, J. P. (2024). Training tennis through induced variability and specific practice: Effects on performance in the forehand approach shot. Applied Sciences, 14(8), 3287. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083287

Parry, T., Callaghan, P. O., & Strawsma, A. (2024). Skill acquisition and representative design : recommendations for tennis practice. Coaching & Sport Science Review, 92, 37–45. https://itfcoachingreview.com/index.php/journal/article/view/510

Peranita, N., Lesmana, K. Y. P., & Satyawan, I. M. (2025). The Effectiveness of Cooperative and Conventional Physical education Models and the Availability of Facilities for Physical education Management. Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport, 12(2), 629-639. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpehs.v12i2.38505

Piquer-piquer, A., Crespo, M., Ramón-llin, J., Guzmán, J. F., & Martínez-gallego, R. (2025). Exploring the impact of equipment modifications on novice tennis players : a scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, February, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1536427

Pratomo, A., Hanani, E., & Setyawati, H. (2025). Exploring the Condition of Sports Facilities and Their Influence on Physical Education Learning in Indonesian Junior High Schools. Indonesian Journal of Sport, 1(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.64780/ijos.v1i1.105

Putri, A. R., & Riyadi, S. (2024). Enhancement of basic tennis technical skills: Game and drill training methods of male athletes reviewed by age group. Journal Sport Area, 9(2), 320-328. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(2).14865

Setiawan, D., & Wibowo, A. T. (2023). The Influence Of Sports Facility Management And Teacher Services On The Effectiveness Of Physical Education. Journal Management of Sport, 2(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.55081/jmos.v2i1.2113

Sánchez-Alcalá, M., Aibar-Almazán, A., Carcelén-Fraile, M. del C., Castellote-Caballero, Y., Cano-Sánchez, J., Achalandabaso-Ochoa, A., Muñoz-Perete, J. M., & Hita-Contreras, F. (2025). Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Frailty and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diagnostics, 15(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030351

Sharifi, K. D., Sidiqi, K. M. S., & Ajmiri, M. Y. (2024). The impact of a harmonious sports environment on learning interest. Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(4), 20-23. https://doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v3i4.271

Shi, P., & Feng, X. (2022). Motor skills and cognitive benefits in children and adolescents: Relationship, mechanism and perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(November), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017825

Song, X., Cui, X., Su, W., Shang, X., Tao, M., Wang, J., Liu, C., Sun, Y., & Yun, H. (2024). Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on weight and metabolic health in college students with obesity. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67331-z

Starzak, M., Biegajło, M., Nogal, M., Niźnikowski, T., Ambroży, T., Rydzik, Ł., & Jaszczur-Nowicki, J. (2022). The Role of Verbal Feedback in the Motor Learning of Gymnastic Skills: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125940

Vuong, J. L., Edel, A., Voß, P., & Ferrauti, A. (2022). Effectiveness and Kinematic Analysis of Initial Step Patterns for Multidirectional Acceleration in Team and Racquet Sports. Journal of Human Kinetics, 85(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0106

Wibowo, C., Hulu, A. P., & Dese, D. C. (2023). Phenomenological Study: Recreational sports in urban society. Indonesian Journal of Sport Management, 3(2), 189-197.

Widiyatmoko, F., Setiawan, C., Hamid, M. A., & Pradipta, G. D. (2025). Unpacking the Sport Education Model (SEM) in Indonesia: a systematic review of implementation and impact. Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education, 6(1), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.25299/esijope.2025.vol6(1).17931

Xiao, W., Bu, T., Zhao, F., Zhang, J., Bai, X., & Geok, S. K. (2025). Effects of functional training on skill performance and movement quality among skilled youth male tennis players: A cluster randomized control trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01085-7

Zhu, R., Zheng, M., Liu, S., Guo, J., & Cao, C. (2024). Effects of Perceptual-Cognitive Training on Anticipation and Decision-Making Skills in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100919