Pemanfaatan AI dalam Aktivitas Akademik Mahasiswa: Persepsi Manfaat, Risiko, dan Strategi Etis di Pendidikan Tinggi (Studi Mixed Methods)
https://doi.org/10.51574/jrip.v6i1.4514
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligent, Aktivitas Akademik, Mixed Methods , Literasi AIAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola kuantitatif penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) oleh mahasiswa serta mengintegrasikannya dengan penjelasan kualitatif untuk memahami manfaat yang dirasakan, risiko, dan strategi etis penggunaan AI dalam aktivitas akademik di perguruan tinggi Indonesia. Secara khusus, penelitian ini mengkaji jenis alat AI yang digunakan, bentuk tugas akademik yang didukung AI, serta persepsi mahasiswa terhadap manfaat-risiko dan strategi etis penggunaan AI. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan desain mixed methods konvergen (Convergent Parallel) yang mengintegrasikan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif secara simultan guna menghasilkan gambaran komprehensif dan kontekstual tentang penggunaan AI oleh mahasiswa. Data dikumpulkan secara bersamaan melalui kuesioner tertutup dan respon terbuka, kemudian diintegrasikan pada tahap interpretasi. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 44 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar (34 perempuan dan 10 laki-laki) pada tahun akademik 2024-2025. Meskipun sampel purposif yang terbatas pada satu program studi membatasi generalisasi statistik, temuan penelitian ini memberikan potret mendalam yang relevan bagi pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik institusional dalam konteks serupa. Secara kuantitatif, alat AI yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ChatGPT (86,4%), Canva AI (38,6%), Gemini (25,0%), dan Perplexity (25,0%). Aktivitas akademik yang paling sering didukung AI meliputi pencarian referensi, penulisan esai/artikel, penyusunan presentasi, dan penyelesaian tugas. Sebagian besar mahasiswa menilai AI sebagai alat yang membantu, namun mayoritas juga menyadari risiko seperti plagiarisme, ketergantungan, penurunan berpikir kritis, dan ketidakakuratan informasi. Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan mahasiswa menerapkan strategi etis dengan memverifikasi keluaran AI dan menggunakan AI sebagai penghasil ide. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan pedoman penggunaan AI, literasi AI, dan desain asesmen berbasis berpikir tingkat tinggi.
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