Self Directed Learning Model on Social Sciences Learning Outcomes in Grade IV Students of Elementary School

Iin Rohkmawati Ibrahim 1 Indonesia , Samuel P Ritiauw 1 Indonesia , Leonid Ritiauw 1 Indonesia
1 Department of Elementary School Teacher, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon
Link Copied!
Published 2026-02-10
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026) PAGES 909-921
DOI 10.51574/ijrer.v5i2.4385
Views / Downloads 130 613

The low learning outcomes of students in social sciences, especially in the material of cultural traditions in Indonesia, are often caused using learning models that do not encourage students' independence in exploring the material. This study aims to examine the effect of the self-directed learning model on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 2 Latihan SPG Ambon in the social studies subject of cultural traditions in Indonesia. Method: This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method. Data collection techniques include written tests, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through instrument validity and reliability tests, as well as prerequisite tests that include normality and homogeneity tests. Hypothesis testing is conducted to ascertain the significant impact among variables. The results of the study indicate that the self-directed learning model has a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes. This improvement is evidenced by the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha through the acquisition of a significance value of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Descriptive analysis strengthens the finding that the application of this model effectively encourages better academic achievement. This research contributes to teachers' selection of innovative, student-centered learning models to improve the quality of social studies instruction in elementary schools. Furthermore, these results serve as a reference for schools in their efforts to increase the effectiveness of their independent learning-based curriculum.

Ibrahim, I. R., Ritiauw, S. P., & Ritiauw, L. (2026). Self Directed Learning Model on Social Sciences Learning Outcomes in Grade IV Students of Elementary School. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 5(2), 909–921. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v5i2.4385
More Citation Formats
Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
  1. Abd Rahman, B. P., Munandar, S. A., Fitriani, A., Karlina, Y., & Yumriani, Y. (2022). Pengertian pendidikan, ilmu pendidikan dan unsur-unsur pendidikan. Al-Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1-8.
  2. Anjun, A., & Tobroni, T. (2025). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Knowledge and Collaboration, 2(6), 699-706. https://doi.org/10.59613/rwr6zw09
  3. Caspersen, J., Smeby, J. C., & Olaf Aamodt, P. (2017). Measuring learning outcomes. European journal of education, 52(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12205
  4. Charokar, K., & Dulloo, P. (2022). Self-directed Learning Theory to Practice: A Footstep towards the Path of being a Life-long Learner. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 10(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2022.94833.1609
  5. Doo, M. Y., Zhu, M., & Bonk, C. J. (2023). Influence of self-directed learning on learning outcomes in MOOCs: A meta-analysis. Distance Education, 44(1), 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2155618
  6. Febrianti, M., Saleh, M., & Syahfitri, D. (2024). Efektivitas Model Self Directed Learning Terhadap Metakognitif Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Kelas VIII di MTs Swasta Ubudiyah. Jurnal Kajian Dan Riset Mahasiswa, 1(4), 734–747. https://jurnal.perima.or.id/index.php/JRM/article/view/mutia_febrianti
  7. Fitriadi, F., Sinaga, R. M., & Muhammad, R. R. (2024). A literature review on the cultural perspective study in elementary school education in Indonesia. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 5(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v5i1.848
  8. Hidayah, A. N., Priarni, R., & Matori, M. (2025). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Sanggar Bimbingan Kamus Gombak Utara Selangor Malaysia Tahun 2024. Muróbbî: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 9(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.52431/murobbi.v9i1.3570
  9. Irwan, I., & Aslan, A. (2024). Developing critical thinking skills of primary school students through independent curriculum learning. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(1), 788-803. http://felifa.net/index.php/INJOE/article/view/235
  10. Izzatanur, A., & Rachmadtullah, R. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning (SDL) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Akademik, 1(4), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.61722/jmia.v1i4.2106
  11. Jumari, J., Juliangkary, E., Pujilestari, P., & Sriartha, I. P. (2024). National Identity Crisis of Indonesian Education in the Global Era. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(3), 1197-1213. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i3.528
  12. Kilag, O. K. T., Ignacio, R., Lumando, E. B., Alvez, G. U., Abendan, C. F. K., Quiñanola, N. A. M. P., & Sasan, J. M. (2022). ICT Integration in Primary School Classrooms in the time of Pandemic in the Light of Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education, 4(2), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijeiece.v4i2.1170
  13. Kim, M., & Choi, D. (2018). Effects of self-directed learning readiness on academic performance and perceived usefulness for each element of flipped learning. Educational Technology International, 19(1), 123-151. https://doi.org/10.23095/ETI.2018.19.1.123
  14. Kõiv, K., & Saks, K. (2023). The role of self-directed learning while supporting NEET-youth: theoretical model based on systematic literature review. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 28(1), 2242446. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2023.2242446
  15. Lee, D. C., & Chang, C. Y. (2025). Evaluating self-directed learning competencies in digital learning environments: A meta-analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 30(6), 6847-6868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13083-2
  16. Maisaroh, S., & A'yun, D. Q. (2024). Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Ki Hajar Dewantara: Antara Kebebasan, Kemandirian, Kebudayaan. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 2(12). https://doi.org/10.62281/v2i12.1178
  17. Mariadi, Surawan, & Monalisa. (2022). Analisis Pemberdayaan Potensi Siswa Melalui Model Self Directed Learning Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.37286/ojs.v8i2.162
  18. Morris, T. H. (2019). Self-directed learning: A fundamental competence in a rapidly changing world. International Review of Education, 65(4), 633-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09793-2
  19. Murphy, D. H., Little, J. L., & Bjork, E. L. (2023). The value of using tests in education as tools for learning—not just for assessment. Educational Psychology Review, 35(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09808-3
  20. Nainggolan, A. P., & Manalu, R. B. B. (2022). Penerapan Model Self-Directed Learning Dalam Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Menegah Pertama Cahaya Pengharapan Abadi. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 4(3), 1942–1951. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i3.985
  21. Pasaribu, M., Khairifa, F., Ali, R., Muis, A. A., & Ritonga, M. (2024). Youth character building through quality education in realizing golden Indonesia 2045. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 180-192. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1271896
  22. Pitts, M. J., & Brooks, C. F. (2017). Critical pedagogy, internationalisation, and a third space: Cultural tensions revealed in students’ discourse. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(3), 251-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1134553
  23. Pugra, I. W., Kencanawati, A. A. A. M., & Kurniawan, I. G. W. A. (2025). The cultural significance of traditional foods in shaping Indonesian social identity: Challenges and preservation strategies. Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies, 3(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.58881/jllscs.v3i1.318
  24. Purwaningsih, D., & Widodo, A. N. A. (2023). Self directed learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mata kuliah pembelajaran matematika SD: Array. Jurnal Dialektika Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 851-851. https://journal.peradaban.ac.id/index.php/jdpmat/article/view/1395
  25. Puspita, H., Firdaus, F. M., & Kawuryan, S. P. (2024). Self-Directed Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom Values on Student Learning Outcomes. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 5(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v5i1.839
  26. Rasidi, R., Istiningsih, G., Masithoh, R. F., & Rosyidi, M. I. (2025). Education based on local wisdom: An alternative model for the integration of cultural values in the school curriculum in Indonesia. International Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education, 4(2), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.56855/ijcse.v4i2.1521
  27. Ricotta, D. N., Richards, J. B., Atkins, K. M., Hayes, M. M., McOwen, K., Soffler, M. I., ... & Millennium Conference 2019 writing group). (2022). Self-directed learning in medical education: training for a lifetime of discovery. Teaching and learning in medicine, 34(5), 530-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1938074
  28. Samini, S., Trisiana, A., & Jumanto, J. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Model Self Directed Learning Terhadap Kemandirian Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V Di SDN 01 Wonorejo Kecamatan Gondangrejo Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Journal on Education, 6(1), 7941–7959. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.4204
  29. Sarahono, F. R., Lase, A., Laoli, B., & Laoli, E. S. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Self Directed Learning (SDL) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Penelitian, Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran: JPPP, 5(2), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.30596/jppp.v5i2.20962
  30. Setiawan, T. A., Harsih, L. M., & Kultsum, U. (2021). Analisis Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning, Direct Instruction, dan Student Centered Learning di Sekolah Dasar dalam Pembelajaran Selama Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Jendela Pendidikan, 1(04), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.57008/jjp.v1i04.58
  31. Simanungkalit, A. N., S, M. F., & Sitohang, T. (2024). Pengaruh Model Self-Directed Learning (SDL) Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi Kompleks Pada Siswa Kelas XI SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai. JKIP Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(2), 514–523. https://doi.org/10.55583/jkip.v4i2.871
  32. Subaedah, S. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Mandiri dengan menggunakan jenis Somatic, Auditory, Visual dan Intellectual dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik. Education and Learning Journal, 5(2), 140. https://doi.org/10.33096/eljour.v5i2.1108
  33. Supe, A., Dandekar, S., Rege, N., & Mahdi, F. (2024). Self-Directed Learning. In Global Medical Education in Normal and Challenging Times (pp. 69-80). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51244-5_9
  34. Van Zyl, S., & Mentz, E. (2022). Deeper self-directed learning for the 21st century and beyond. In Self-directed learning and the academic evolution from pedagogy to andragogy (pp. 50-77). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7661-8.ch004
  35. Widyawulandari, R., & Indriayu, M. (2019). Implementation of joyful learning approach in providing learning motivation for elementary school student.
  36. Yudho, F. H. P., Fauziah, S., Yuliandra, R., Nasution, N. S., & Aryanti, N. E. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar Student Achievement Division Dan Self Directed Learning Terhadap Capaian Belajar Materi Roll Depan. Jurnal Satya Widya, 38(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.sw.2022.v38.i2.p125-134
  37. Zajda, J. (2021). Constructivist learning theory and creating effective learning environments. In Globalisation and education reforms: Creating effective learning environments (pp. 35-50). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71575-5_3

Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Rohkmawati Ibrahim, Samuel P Ritiauw, Leonid Ritiauw

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Dimension Badge

Downloads

Downloads
Crossmark Badge
Crossmark Badge
Section
Articles
Keywords
Elementary School Learning Models Learning Outcomes Self Directed Lerning Social Science Subject