Critical Literacy and Pedagogical Transformation among Prospective Indonesian Language Teachers

Hemas Haryas Harja Susetya 1 Indonesia , Mochamad Ighfir Sukardi 2 Indonesia
1 Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong
2 Universitas Brawijaya
Link Copied!
Published 2025-12-08
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025) PAGES 259-275
DOI 10.51574/ijrer.v5i1.4061
Views / Downloads 295 590

The critical reading ability of prospective teacher students remains a serious issue in higher education, particularly in regions with low literacy levels such as Probolinggo Regency, which has the lowest Community Literacy Development Index (IPLM) in East Java, thus demanding transformative pedagogical strategies to foster students' reflective reasoning and discourse awareness. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a critical literacy approach in improving the critical reading ability of students in the Indonesian Language Education Study Program at Zainul Hasan Genggong University (UNZAH) through strengthening six dimensions of critical thinking according to Facione's model, namely interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation. This study employs a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, involving 50 students divided into experimental and control classes, and analyzes data through ANCOVA testing to determine the effect of treatment after controlling for initial scores (pretest). The results show a significant improvement in the experimental group (p < 0.001), particularly in the interpretation and inference dimensions, and confirm that the critical literacy approach is the main factor in improving students' posttest scores. Thus, the critical literacy approach proves effective as a pedagogical strategy in Islamic higher education to develop teachers who are not only capable of reading texts but also of reading the world critically, reflectively, and with intellectual responsibility.

Susetya, H. H. H., & Sukardi, M. I. (2025). Critical Literacy and Pedagogical Transformation among Prospective Indonesian Language Teachers. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 5(1), 259–275. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v5i1.4061
More Citation Formats
Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
  1. Aguilera, E., & Pandya, J. Z. (2021). Critical literacies in a digital age: Current and future issues. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 16(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2021.1914059
  2. Alford, J., Schmidt, C., & Lyngfelt, A. (2019). Critical literacy as legitimate knowledge: The importance of teacher agency. In Re-imagining education for democracy (pp. 92-111). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429242748-7
  3. Aminah, S., Rahayu, I., & Suherman, A. (2023). Literasi kritis sebagai pendekatan pedagogis dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 13(1), 45–55.
  4. Basri, I., Fatimah, S., & Hastuti, H. (2024). Learning History with DeepThink: A Model to Train Critical Thinking Skills. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(2), 1041-1051. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i2.4915
  5. Brookfield, S. (2020). Teaching for critical thinking. International Journal of Adult Education and Technology (IJAET), 11(3), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAET.2020070101
  6. Célèste Kee, J., & Carr-Chellman, D. J. (2019). Paulo Freire, critical literacy, and indigenous resistance. Educational Studies, 55(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2018.1562926
  7. Dewi, L. S., & Samudra, R. (2021). Literasi kritis dalam pengajaran membaca: Strategi menumbuhkan kesadaran wacana siswa. Lingua Educatia, 18(2), 40–52.
  8. Gammelgaard, A. Ø., Pedersen, C. G., Kaspersen, E. S., Thomsen, M. R., Samson, J. K., & Fabricius, A. H. (2024). Decolonizing language resources in the human-machine era: A critical reflection on universalist ideologies and language technologies. Interventions, 26(8), 1189-1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2023.2252804
  9. Greiff, S., Wüstenberg, S., & Funke, J. (2014). Dynamic problem solving: A new assessment perspective. Applied Measurement in Education, 27(4), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2014.934073
  10. Facione, P. A. (2015). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts (2015 update). Insight Assessment.
  11. Facione, P. A., Crossetti, M. D. G. O., & Riegel, F. (2017). Holistic critical thinking in the nursing diagnostic process. Revista gaucha de enfermagem, 38. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.03.75576
  12. Jaelani, A. K., Hasbi, M., & Baharullah, B. (2023). A critical thinking profile of mathematics education students in solving ill-structured problem based on mathematical ability. JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika), 7(2), 545-559. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v7i2.13378
  13. Ha, T. A., & Huertas-Abril, C. A. (2024). Teaching critical reading in higher education: A literature review and pedagogical framework proposal. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 53, 101599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101599
  14. Hart, C., Da Costa, C., D'Souza, D., Kimpton, A., & Ljbusic, J. (2021). Exploring higher education students’ critical thinking skills through content analysis. Thinking skills and creativity, 41, 100877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100877
  15. Hasanah, I., & Ridho, A. (2020). Pendidikan critical literacy di perguruan tinggi Islam. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 64–73.
  16. Huot, S., Loch, S., Nget, R., & Em, S. (2025). Exploring multiliteracies in the digital era: A framework for 21st-century learning. Cambodian Journal of Educational and Social Sciences (CJESS), 2(1), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.69496/cjess.v2i1.50
  17. Karadag, R. (2017). The effect of critical reading instruction on the critical reading skills of pre-service teachers. European Journal of Educational Research, 6(3), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.6.3.347
  18. Kharisma, N. V. E., & Jannah, Y. M. (2025). Exploring critical literacy of elementary school teacher education students through semantic studies. Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 5(9), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i9.644
  19. Li, C. S., & Wan, R. (2022). Critical reading in higher education: A systematic review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 44, 101028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101028
  20. Luke, A. (2018). Regrounding critical literacy: Representation, facts and reality. In Theoretical models and processes of literacy (pp. 349-361). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315110592-21
  21. Marschall, S., & Davis, C. (2012). A conceptual framework for teaching critical reading to adult college students. Adult learning, 23(2), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159512444265
  22. Mastuti, A. G., Abdillah, A., Sehuwaky, N., & Risahondua, R. (2022). Revealing students' critical thinking ability according to facione's theory. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 13(2), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v13i2.13005
  23. Mínguez López, X., & Kalogirou, T. (2024). Editorial: Critical pedagogy in literary education: Reading the word to read the world. Journal of Literary Education, 8, 30026. https://doi.org/10.7203/jle.8.30026
  24. Misiaszek, G. (2021). An ecopedagogical, ecolinguistical reading of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What we have learned from Paulo Freire. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 54, 2297–2311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2021.2011208
  25. Morales, J. (2018). Aportes de Paulo Freire a la investigación y a la lectura crítica. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.15366/RIEJS2018.7.2.010
  26. Munawarsyah, M. (2023). Islamic education in the modern era: Analysis of student character and their role in facing the challenges of Industry 4.0. HEUTAGOGIA: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(2), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.14421/hjie.2023.32-01
  27. Musdalifah. (2022). Studi literasi kritis pada mahasiswa calon guru Bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Islam, 2(1), 29–35.
  28. Nery, V. C. G., de Fátima Gonçalves, R., Reis, T. A. B., & Orofino, E. (2022). A Discussion on Literacy for Young and Adults: Literature Classics in Dialogue with Paulo Freire. In From Discriminating to Discrimination: The Influence of Language on Identity and Subjectivity (pp. 103-114). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13544-6_10
  29. Nugraha, A. E., Wibowo, D., & Hendrawan, B. (2024). Paulo Freire's Critical Pedagogy Analysis Of Educational Transformation. MSJ: Majority Science Journal, 2(2), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.61942/msj.v2i2.157
  30. Otrel-Cass, K., & Fasching, M. (2021). Postdigital truths: Educational reflections on fake news and digital identities. In Postdigital humans: Transitions, transformations and transcendence (pp. 89-108). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65592-1_6
  31. Papola-Ellis, A. (2020). Teacher candidates’ use of critical literacy to shift thinking about texts and social justice. Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts, 59(2), 4. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/reading_horizons/vol59/iss2/4/
  32. Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). Critical thinking: Intellectual standards essential to reasoning well within every domain of human thought, Part 4. Journal of Developmental Education, 37(3), 34. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1067269
  33. Rahmawati, R., & Noor, I. (2021). Literasi kritis dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia: Studi terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis teks. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 9(1), 35–44.
  34. Ratna, N. (2024). Literasi kritis dalam konteks pendidikan tinggi Islam: Studi kasus calon guru. Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan, 15(1), 62–75.
  35. Rauscher, W., & Badenhorst, H. (2021). Thinking critically about critical thinking dispositions in technology education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 31(3), 465-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-020-09564-3
  36. Setiawan, A., Hang, N. T. T., Fauzan, F., & Derana, G. T. (2023). Critical reading research and its implications for critical reading skills for Indonesian language teachers: A systematic literature review. BAHASTRA, 43(2), 152-182. https://doi.org/10.26555/bs.v43i2.500
  37. Shih, Y. H. (2018). Some Critical Thinking on Paulo Freire's Critical Pedagogy and Its Educational Implications. International education studies, 11(9), 64-70. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1189530
  38. Singh, R. (2024). Navigating Through Education 5.0 Era: Imperative Competencies for Success. In Preconceptions of Policies, Strategies, and Challenges in Education 5.0 (pp. 33-50). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3041-8.ch003
  39. Shoimah, U. (2023). Mengukur Indeks Pembangunan Literasi Masyarakat (IPLM) Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jurnal Pangripta, 4(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.58411/7d4rax37
  40. Shor, I. (2019). Empowering education: Critical teaching for social change. University of Chicago Press.
  41. Sultan, S., Rofıuddın, A., Nurhadı, N., & Prıyatnı, E. T. (2017). The effect of the critical literacy approach on pre-service language teachers’ critical reading skills. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 17(71), 159-174. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/42485/511768
  42. Sumarni, S., & Nuryanti, Y. (2021). Dimensi berpikir kritis mahasiswa di era digital. Jurnal Literasi & Pendidikan, 5(3), 45–56.
  43. Zamzami, M. (2023). Literasi kritis dan nilai keislaman dalam pendidikan guru. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Budaya, 10(1), 17–27.

Copyright (c) 2025 Hemas Haryas Harja Susetya, Mochamad Ighfir Sukardi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Dimension Badge

Downloads

Downloads
Crossmark Badge
Crossmark Badge
Section
Articles
Keywords
Critical Literacy Critical Reading Higher-Order Thinking Indonesian Language Prospective Teacher