CRITICAL REVIEW: SINTESIS POLIMER BIODEGRADABLE DAN APLIKASINYA DI BIDANG KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/illea.v2i3.5990Keywords:
Polimer biodegradable, Sintesis, Nanopartikel, KesehatanAbstract
Polimer biodegradable menjadi tulang punggung banyak material kesehatan, mulai dari implan yang terserap tubuh, sistem penghantaran obat, hingga pembalut luka. Artikel review ini menelaah secara kritis berbagai publikasi yang mewakili tiga arah pembahasan, yaitu rancangan polimer sintetis terdegradasi di luar kelompok poliester, nanopartikel polimer dan biopolimer sebagai pembawa obat, dan hidrogel ampas singkong–polivinil alkohol (PVA) berekstrak lada untuk pembalut luka antibakteri. Telaah diperdalam dengan 26 literatur pendukung yang mencakup kimia degradasi poliester, polimerisasi pembukaan cincin, polimer alternatif, metode fabrikasi nanopartikel, prinsip penargetan pasif, serta fisika-kimia hidrogel PVA. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa struktur kimia, rute sintesis, dan metode fabrikasi bekerja sebagai satu kesatuan yang menentukan laju degradasi, ukuran partikel, efisiensi enkapsulasi, daya serap air, dan pelepasan bahan aktif. Poliester tetap dominan, tetapi produk degradasinya dapat menciptakan lingkungan mikro asam sehingga polimer alternatif perlu dikembangkan. Penilaian kritis juga menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar bukti masih berasal dari skala laboratorium. Kesenjangan utama terletak pada keamanan jangka panjang, reproduksibilitas antarbatch, skala produksi, dan uji efikasi pada kondisi nyata.
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