Biomassa sebagai Sumber Prekursor Senyawa Antimikroba Berbasis Kimia Hijau: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/illea.v2i2.5242Keywords:
Biomassa, Antimikroba, Kimia Hijau, Platform chemicals, biomaterialsAbstract
Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) menjadi salah satu tantangan kesehatan global yang mendorong pencarian sumber senyawa antimikroba baru yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Biomassa merupakan sumber daya terbarukan yang kaya akan senyawa bioaktif dan platform chemicals yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai prekursor pengembangan agen antimikroba berbasis kimia hijau. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi biomassa sebagai sumber prekursor senyawa antimikroba serta menelaah penerapan prinsip kimia hijau dalam proses pengembangannya. Kajian disusun menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review terhadap artikel penelitian asli yang diperoleh dari database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar pada periode 2019–2026. Sebanyak 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif berdasarkan jenis biomassa, metode sintesis atau konversi, produk yang dihasilkan, aktivitas antimikroba, dan implementasi prinsip green chemistry. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber senyawa antimikroba alami, platform chemicals seperti furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), dan levulinic acid, serta sebagai bahan baku sintesis nanomaterial dan biomaterial antimikroba. Penerapan prinsip kimia hijau melalui penggunaan bahan baku terbarukan, pelarut hijau, biosintesis, dan pemanfaatan limbah biomassa mampu meningkatkan keberlanjutan proses sekaligus mempertahankan efektivitas antimikroba. Dengan demikian, biomassa memiliki prospek yang sangat menjanjikan sebagai sumber prekursor senyawa antimikroba yang mendukung pengembangan produk farmasi dan material kesehatan yang lebih ramah lingkungan.
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