An Investigation of Students' Writing Skills: A Study of The Four-Square Writing Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v1i2.337Keywords:
Four-square Approach, Writing Skills, English EducationAbstract
The purpose of this study is to see if using the 4-square method improves the writing skills of IAI As'adiyah Sengkang's fifth-semester English students. A pre-experimental design was used in this study. The population of this study was IAI As'adiyah Sengkang's English education. The data was gathered using the pre-test and post-test methods. The findings of this study show that the 4-Square approach considerably improved the writing skills of IAI As'adiyah Sengkang's English education. This was demonstrated by the paired-sample t-test result, which revealed that the probability value (0.00) was less than the level of significance (0.05), showing a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test findings. As a result, the 4-square technique helped pupils enhance their writing skills in terms of grammar, content, punctuation, and spelling.
References
Agustiana, V. (2017). Four square writing method applied in product and process based approaches combination to teaching writing discussion text. English Review: Journal of English Education, 6(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v6i1.774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v6i1.774
Allagui, B. (2021). TED talk comments to enhance critical thinking skills in an undergraduate reading and writing course. Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), 2941-2960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10388-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10388-w
Arnó-Macià, E., & Rueda-Ramos, C. (2011). Promoting reflection on science, technology, and society among engineering students through an EAP online learning environment. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2010.12.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2010.12.004
Assouline, S. G., Foley Nicpon, M., & Whiteman, C. (2010). Cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of gifted students with written language disability. Gifted Child Quarterly, 54(2), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986209355974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986209355974
Beesley, A. D., & Apthorp, H. S. (2010). Classroom instruction that works. Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED543521
Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative research design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association, 22(2), 27-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33235/jarna.22.2.27-30
Broughton, G., Brumfit, C., Pincas, A., & Wilde, R. D. (2002). Teaching English as a foreign language. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203412541
Bruning, R., & Horn, C. (2000). Developing motivation to write. Educational psychologist, 35(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3501_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3501_4
Brunn, M. (2002). The four-square strategy. The Reading Teacher, 55(6), 522-525.
Burns, A., & Siegel, J. (2018). Teaching the four language skills: Themes and issues. In International perspectives on teaching the four skills in ELT (pp. 1-17). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63444-9_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63444-9_1
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Dewi, R. S. (2020). The Effect of Using Clustering Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text. English Teaching and Linguistics Journal, 1(2), 41-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fetlij.v1i2.4897 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/etlij.v1i2.4897
DiTiberio, J. K., & Jensen, G. H. (2018). Writing and personality: Finding your voice, your style, your way. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429485299
Farooq, M. A., Nóvoa, H., Araújo, A., & Tavares, S. M. (2016). An innovative approach for planning and execution of pre-experimental runs for Design of Experiments. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 22(3), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.12.003
Febriadi, R. (2017). The use of raft and four square strategies to improve students’narrative writing achievement. The Journal of English Literacy Education: The Teaching and Learning of English as a Foreign Language, 4(2), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.36706/jele.v4i2.5624
Ganapathy, M., & Kaur, S. (2014). ESL Students' Perceptions of the Use of Higher Order Thinking Skills in English Language Writing. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 5(5), 80-87. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1128822 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.5n.5p.80
Grabe, W., & Zhang, C. (2013). Reading and writing together: A critical component of English for academic purposes teaching and learning. Tesol Journal, 4(1), 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.65 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.65
Graham, S. (2019). Changing how writing is taught. Review of Research in Education, 43(1), 277-303. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18821125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18821125
Gould, J., Gould, E. J., & Burke, M. F. (2010). Four Square: Writing Method Grades 7-9 w/Enhanced CD: A Unique Approach to Teaching Basic Writing Skills. Teaching and Learning Company.
Hacker, D. J. (2018). A metacognitive model of writing: An update from a developmental perspective. Educational Psychologist, 53(4), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2018.1480373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2018.1480373
Hebert, M., Kearns, D. M., Hayes, J. B., Bazis, P., & Cooper, S. (2018). Why children with dyslexia struggle with writing and how to help them. Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 49(4), 843-863. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0024
Hill, J., & Miller, K. B. (2013). Classroom instruction that works with English language learners. ASCD.
Jacobs, H. H. (2014). Active literacy across the curriculum: Strategies for reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315855271
Lumenta, F. M., Surista, A., & Kurnia, A. (2020). Four square method for improving students’ writing ability in EF Teens & Kids Kalimalang. ETUDE: Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 1-6. https://www.alejournal.com/index.php/etude/article/view/5/0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56724/etude.v1i1.5
Marcos, R. I. S., Fernández, V. L., González, M. T. D., & Phillips-Silver, J. (2020). Promoting children’s creative thinking through reading and writing in a cooperative learning classroom. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 36, 100663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100663
McNamara, D. S., Crossley, S. A., & McCarthy, P. M. (2010). Linguistic features of writing quality. Written communication, 27(1), 57-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088309351547 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088309351547
Nation, I. S. (2008). Teaching ESL/EFL reading and writing. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891643
Nejmaoui, N. (2019). Improving EFL Learners' Critical Thinking Skills in Argumentative Writing. English Language Teaching, 12(1), 98-109. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1200049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n1p98
Nugroho, A. W. S., Susilohadi, G., & Pudjobroto, A. H. (2014). The use of four square writing method to improve students’writing skill (An Action Research at the Seventh Grade of SMP Negeri 1 Banjarejo in Academic Year 2011/2012). English Education, 2(2).
Puspita, N. (2015). The effectiveness of four square writing in teaching writing viewed from students’creativity. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 7(1), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.24042/ee-jtbi.v7i1.433
Ranta, L., & Meckelborg, A. (2013). How much exposure to English do international graduate students really get? Measuring language use in a naturalistic setting. Canadian modern language review, 69(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.987
Roelfsema, P. R., Denys, D., & Klink, P. C. (2018). Mind reading and writing: The future of neurotechnology. Trends in cognitive sciences, 22(7), 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.001
Rofi’ah, A., & Ma’rifah, U. (2018). The Effect of four square writing method (FSWM) through picture series in writing narrative text for eleventh grade at SMA Nusantara Balongpanggang. Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics, 1(2), 50-61. http://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/jetlal/article/view/328
Sadiku, L. M. (2015). The importance of four skills reading, speaking, writing, listening in a lesson hour. European Journal of Language and Literature, 1(1), 29-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v1i1.p29-31
Setiawati, G. D., Sudarsono, S., & Riyanti, D. (2019). Teaching Writing Descriptive Texts Using Four Square Writing Method (Fswm). Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 8(10). https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/view/36981
Schunk, D. H. (2003). Self-efficacy for reading and writing: Influence of modeling, goal setting, and self-evaluation. Reading &Writing Quarterly, 19(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560308219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560308219
Tavşanlı, Ö. F., Bilgin, A., Yıldırım, K., Rasinski, T., & Tschantz, B. (2021). The effect of a PBWMIP on writing success and attitude toward writing. Reading & writing quarterly, 37(5), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2020.1846006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2020.1846006
Tijani, G., & Ogbaje, M. (2013). Using four square technique of writing to solve problems of paragraph fragmentation: a Nigeria-Ghana experiment. International Journal of Computer Applications, 65(18).
Yunus, Y., Dollah, S., & Munir, M. (2021). The Use of Four-Square Technique to Improve Students’ Writing Ability. Tamaddun, 20(1), 1-14. http://jurnal.fs.umi.ac.id/index.php/tamaddun-life/article/view/86 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v20i1.86
Yu, S., & Liu, C. (2021). Improving student feedback literacy in academic writing: An evidence-based framework. Assessing Writing, 48, 100525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2021.100525
Zhou, A. A. (2009). What adult ESL learners say about improving grammar and vocabulary in their writing for academic purposes. Language Awareness, 18(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410802307923 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410802307923
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Amiruddin, Yusuf Razaq, The Use of Flashcards to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Achievement , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Amiruddin, Satriani, Yusuf Razaq, Suci Asyurah, Nurhidayanti, Improving Students’ Speaking Skills Through Continuous Story Technique With Pictures , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Amiruddin, Syamsul Bahri, Mathla'ul Fajriyani, Muh Hartawan, The Role of Independent Reading on Reading Comprehension in The Second Years Students of MTs As’adiyah Putra 1 Sengkang , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): June
- Amiruddin, Satriani, Enhancing Students' Vocabulary Ability Through Matching Picture By Word , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Satriani, Syamsul Bahri, Amiruddin, Muhammad Reski, Gufran Ahmad, An Authentic Material Comic to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Satriani, Amiruddin, Marya A, Ainun Fahira, Improving Students’ Speaking Skills: Effect of Varied Questioning Strategies in The Classroom , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Satriani, Amiruddin, Andi Sakinah, Ahmad Muktamar, Problems of Implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum in the Digital Era , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): September
- Yusuf Razaq, Satriani, Amiruddin, Syamsul Bahri, Muhammad Hasbi, A Study Fable in Pair Work on ELT Learners' English Vocabulary Achievement , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): June
- Amiruddin, Nur Inayah, Syahrun Adzim, Andi Mayasari, Via Aulinnia, The Influence Sequence Picture on Indonesian ELT Learners Writing Skill , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): March
- Amiruddin, Yusuf Razaq, Satriani, Besse Sri Widistari, Suci Asyurah Khas, Speaking Skills for English As A Foreign Language in Video-Based Discussion , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): June