KARAKTERISTIK INTEGRATIF PRODUK ALAM DAN KORELASINYA DENGAN REMODELING MIKROBIOTA USUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/illea.v2i2.5248Keywords:
produk alam, mikrobiota usus, remodeling mikrobiota, meteabolik mikroba, homeostatisAbstract
Mikrobiota usus merupakan komponen penting yang berperan dalam mempertahankan homeostasis tubuh melalui keterlibatannya dalam metabolisme nutrien, regulasi sistem imun, produksi metabolit bioaktif, dan pemeliharaan integritas saluran cerna. Gangguan keseimbangan mikrobiota atau disbiosis telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai penyakit sehingga strategi modulasi mikrobiota menjadi salah satu fokus penelitian terkini. Produk alam diketahui mengandung beragam senyawa bioaktif yang tidak hanya memberikan aktivitas farmakologis secara langsung, tetapi juga mampu berinteraksi dengan mikrobiota usus. Artikel review ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik integratif produk alam dalam hubungannya dengan remodeling mikrobiota usus serta implikasinya terhadap kesehatan. Kajian dilakukan melalui studi literatur menggunakan artikel penelitian dan artikel review yang diperoleh dari basis data PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar pada periode 2019–2025. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara produk alam dan mikrobiota usus berlangsung secara dua arah melalui proses modulasi mikrobiota dan biotransformasi senyawa bioaktif. Interaksi tersebut berkontribusi terhadap remodeling mikrobiota yang ditandai oleh perubahan struktur, fungsi metabolik, dan profil metabolit mikroba. Perubahan tersebut berpotensi memengaruhi homeostasis, metabolisme, dan regulasi imun host. Selain memiliki implikasi klinis pada berbagai penyakit, perkembangan teknologi multi-omics dan pendekatan berbasis mikrobioma membuka peluang pemanfaatan produk alam dalam strategi kesehatan yang lebih personal. Dengan demikian, produk alam berpotensi menjadi salah satu agen penting dalam pengembangan intervensi berbasis remodeling mikrobiota usus di masa mendatang
References
Boroumand, B., Jaberi, A., Zamani, G., Zandi, E., Zare, F., Vahedinezhad, M., Abdollahi, E., KarkonShayan, S., GhazanfarAhari, S., & Sattar, M. (2026). Therapeutic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome as a Strategy to Restore Immune Tolerance in Autoimmunity. MicrobiologyOpen, 15(2), e70294. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70294
Cao, L., Wang, X., Ma, X., Xu, M., & Li, J. (2024). Potential of natural products and gut microbiome in tumor immunotherapy. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 19(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-024-01032-7
Cheng, T. Y., Li, J. X., Chen, J. Y., Chen, P. Y., Ma, L. R., Zhang, G. L., & Yan, P. Y. (2021). Gut microbiota: a potential target for traditional Chinese medicine intervention in coronary heart disease. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 16(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00516-0
Dai, H., Han, J., Wang, T., Yin, W.-B., Chen, Y., & Liu, H. (2023). Recent advances in gut microbiota-associated natural products: structures, bioactivities, and mechanisms. Natural Product Reports, 40(6), 1078–1093. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1039/d2np00075j
De Vos, W. M., Tilg, H., Van Hul, M., & Cani, P. D. (2022). Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut, 71(5), 1020–1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789
Durack, J., & Lynch, S. V. (2019). The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 216(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180448
Fan, Y., & Pedersen, O. (2021). Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 19(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9
Filardo, S., Di Pietro, M., & Sessa, R. (2024). Current progresses and challenges for microbiome research in human health: a perspective. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 14(April), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1377012
Hou, K., Wu, Z. X., Chen, X. Y., Wang, J. Q., Zhang, D., Xiao, C., Zhu, D., Koya, J. B., Wei, L., Li, J., & Chen, Z. S. (2022). Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4
Peterson, C. T. (2024). Gut Microbiota-Mediated Biotransformation of Medicinal Herb-Derived Natural Products: A Narrative Review of New Frontiers in Drug Discovery. J, 7(3), 351–372. https://doi.org/10.3390/j7030020
Qadri, H., Shah, A. H., Almilaibary, A., & Mir, M. A. (2024). Microbiota, natural products, and human health: exploring interactions for therapeutic insights. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 14(July), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371312
Sanjai, C., Gaonkar, S. L., & Hakkimane, S. S. (2024). Harnessing Nature’s Toolbox: Naturally Derived Bioactive Compounds in Nanotechnology Enhanced Formulations. ACS Omega, 9(43), 43302–43318. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c07756
Wishart, D. S. (2019). Metabolomics for investigating physiological and pathophysiological processes. Physiological Reviews, 99(4), 1819–1875. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00035.2018
Yang, Z., Wang, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Ge, Z., Li, Z., Feng, S., & Wu, C. (2023). Gut microbiota and hypertension: association, mechanisms and treatment. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2023.2195135
Zmora, N., Suez, J., & Elinav, E. (2019). You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 16(1), 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0061-2
Zhang, N. N., Jiang, Z. M., Li, S. Z., Yang, X., & Liu, E. H. (2023). Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. European Journal of Pharmacology, 949(November 2022), 175557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557
Zhao, Y., Zhong, X., Yan, J., Sun, C., Zhao, X., & Wang, X. (2022). Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.956378
