Literature Review: Nanoteknologi dalam Penghantaran Antibiotik sebagai Inovasi Peningkatan Efektivitas Terapi Infeksi Bakteri
Keywords:
infeksi bakteri, nanopartikel, nanoteknologi, penghantaran antibiotik, resistensi antimikrobaAbstract
Infeksi bakteri dan resistensi antimikroba (AMR) merupakan tantangan global yang memerlukan inovasi dalam terapi antibiotik. Salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan terapi antibiotik adalah keterbatasan penghantaran antibiotik ke lokasi infeksi secara efektif, terutama pada kasus infeksi biofilm dan bakteri intraseluler. Nanoteknologi menawarkan solusi melalui sistem penghantaran antibiotik berbasis nanopartikel, yang mampu meningkatkan bioavailabilitas, spesifisitas target, dan mengurangi efek samping sistemik. Artikel ini mengkaji berbagai jenis nanomaterial, termasuk nanopartikel lipid, polimerik, logam, silika mesopori, dan sistem stimuli-responsif, serta efektivitasnya dalam mengatasi infeksi bakteri. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem penghantaran antibiotik berbasis nano ini mampu meningkatkan penetrasi antibiotik ke biofilm dan sel target, mengurangi resistensi, serta memungkinkan pelepasan obat terkontrol. Meskipun tantangan terkait toksisitas jangka panjang, biokompatibilitas, dan regulasi masih perlu diatasi, nanoteknologi tetap menjadi pendekatan yang menjanjikan dalam terapi infeksi bakteri di masa depan.
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