EMOJI SEBAGAI PENGGANTI UNSUR SINTAKSIS DALAM KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL: KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI PADA MEDIA SOSIAL
EMOJI AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR SYNTAXIC ELEMENTS IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: A STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
https://doi.org/10.51574/aufklarung.v5i4.5236
Keywords:
emoji, sintaksis, komunikasi digital, media sosial, multimodalitasAbstract
Perkembangan komunikasi digital telah mendorong penggunaan emoji tidak hanya sebagai penanda emosi, tetapi juga sebagai bagian dari pembentukan makna dalam interaksi media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk penggunaan emoji sebagai pengganti unsur sintaksis dalam komunikasi digital berbahasa Indonesia, mengidentifikasi jenis unsur sintaksis yang dapat digantikan oleh emoji, serta menjelaskan fungsi penggunaannya dalam membangun makna. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan rancangan analisis isi. Data berupa komentar, unggahan, dan tuturan digital yang mengandung emoji pada platform Instagram, TikTok, X, dan WhatsApp. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dengan metode simak-catat, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emoji memiliki fungsi yang lebih luas daripada sekadar penanda emosi. Emoji ditemukan berfungsi sebagai pengganti tuturan verbal utuh, pengganti nomina, pengganti predikat, serta pengganti frasa atau klausa. Selain itu, emoji juga berfungsi sebagai penanda nada ujaran yang membantu pembaca memahami sikap, maksud, dan tujuan komunikatif penutur. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa emoji telah mengalami perluasan fungsi dari simbol visual dan afektif menjadi sumber daya semiotik yang memiliki peran sintaktis dan pragmatis dalam komunikasi digital. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa batas antara bahasa verbal dan simbol visual semakin kabur seiring berkembangnya praktik komunikasi multimodal di media sosial. Dengan demikian, emoji dapat dipahami sebagai bagian dari sistem komunikasi digital yang berkontribusi dalam pembentukan struktur dan makna bahasa kontemporer.
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References
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Andersen, P. B., & Chandler, D. (2016). Semiotics: The Basics (3rd ed.). In A Companion to Photography.
Arafah, B., & Hasyim, M. (2019). Linguistic Functions of Emoji in Social Media Communication. Opcion, 35(SpecialEdition24), 558–574. https://scholar.unhas.ac.id/en/publications/linguistic-functions-of-emoji-in-social-media-communication/
Bai, Q., Dan, Q., Mu, Z., & Yang, M. (2019). A Systematic Review of Emoji: Current Research and Future Perspectives. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02221
Caple, H., Huan, C., & Bednarek, M. (2020). Multimodal news analysis across cultures. In Multimodal News Analysis across Cultures. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108886048
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Crystal, D. (2001). Language and the Internet. In Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164771
Crystal, D. (2011). Internet Linguistics: A Student Guide (1st ed.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Internet-Linguistics-A-Student-Guide/Crystal/p/book/9780415602716?_ga=undefined&_gl=1%2A15fkwnw%2A_gcl_au%2AODk3NjgxNjA0LjE3ODAyMjA1MTI.%2A_ga%2AMTY1NTM0MTY2NS4xNzgwMjIwNTE0%2A_ga_0HYE8YG0M6%2AczE3ODAyMjA1MTMkbzEkZzAkdDE3ODAyMjA1MTMkajYwJGwwJGgw%2A_ga_4VFNVXBRVQ%2AczE3ODAyMjA2MDUkbzEkZzAkdDE3ODAyMjA2MDUkajYwJGwwJGgw
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Denzin, N. K. (2017). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. In The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543
Dresner, E., & Herring, S. C. (2010). Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication Theory, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01362.x
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2013). Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar: Fourth edition. In Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar: Fourth Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203431269
Herring, S. C., & Dainas, A. (2017). “Nice picture comment!” Graphicons in Facebook comment threads. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2017-January. https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2017.264
Koller, A., & Searle, J. R. (1970). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Language, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.2307/412428
Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2020). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (3rd ed.). Routledge., 2002(97).
Kridalaksana, H. (1986). Kelas Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 024.
Krippendorff, K. (2022). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. In Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781
M. Moeliono, A., Lapoliwa, H., & Alwi, H. (2017). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia Edisi keempat. In Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia edisi keempat.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana Johnny. (2023). Qualitative data analysis a methods sourcebook: edition 3. In Experiencing Citizenship: Concepts and Models for Service-Learning in Political Science.
Norris, S. (2019). Systematically working with multimodal data: Research methods in multimodal discourse analysis. In Systematically Working with Multimodal Data: Research Methods in Multimodal Discourse Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119168355
Pereira, A., & Pestana, G. (2024). Syntax in Emoji Sequences on Social Media Posts. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 987 LNNS, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60221-4_10
Riordan, M. A. (2017). Emojis as Tools for Emotion Work: Communicating Affect in Text Messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X17704238
Shar, S. A., Amur, S. F., & Ujan, N. (2025). Language Change in the Digital Age: The Influence of Social Media on Contemporary English. Advance Social Science Archive Journal, 04(01), 725–735.
Sibuea, P., Sabrina, R., Nasution, A., Safitri, G., Zahara, W. R., & Aprilia, S. (2025). Pengaruh Emoji dalam Menggantikan Fungsi Gramatikal Ekspresi Terhadap Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Komunikasi di Dunia Digital. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(04), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.36989/DIDAKTIK.V11I04.10381
Sugiono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Sugiyono. Mode Penelitian Kualitatif, 5(January).
Telaumbanua, Y. A., Telaumbanua, N. T. N., Halawa, M. D., Gulo, B., Halawa, D. M. E., & Waruwu, E. K. (2024). The Use of Emojis in Language Communication on Social Media Platforms. Journal of English Language and Education, 9(4), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.31004/JELE.V9I4.524
Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023001001
Yus, F. (2014). NOT ALL EMOTICONS ARE CREATED EQUAL. Linguagem Em (Dis)Curso, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4017-140304-0414
