Laboratorium Virtual dalam Biomekanika: Tinjauan dan Validitas Fisika Simulasi Gerak Manusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/hybrid.v4i3.5226Keywords:
laboratorium virtual, biomekanika, validitas fisika, simulasi gerak manusiaAbstract
Laboratorium virtual (VL) telah berkembang menjadi komponen pedagogis sentral dalam pembelajaran biomekanika olahraga, terutama sebagai respons terhadap keterbatasan aksesibilitas dan biaya sistem penangkapan gerak (MoCap) konvensional. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan sistematis dan analitis terhadap perkembangan VL dalam pembelajaran biomekanika (2018–2026), dengan fokus utama pada validitas fisika simulasi gerak manusia. Melalui metode library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif-naratif, studi ini mengidentifikasi empat kategori utama teknologi VL, yaitu estimasi pose berbasis video (markerless), sensor inersia (IMU), pemodelan muskuloskeletal, serta realitas virtual dan tertambah (VR/AR), dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian output kinematika dan kinetikanya dengan prinsip mekanika Newtonian. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa VL yang mengintegrasikan kendala berbasis fisika dalam alur pemrosesan data menghasilkan output yang lebih konsisten dengan data referensi standar dibandingkan pendekatan tanpa kendala fisika. Kerangka kontrol optimal berbasis IMU mampu mendekati akurasi sistem MoCap optik dengan galat RMSE yang signifikan lebih rendah, sementara konfigurasi sensor jarang yang dikombinasikan dengan model muskuloskeletal sagital dapat merekonstruksi gerak secara valid hanya dengan dua hingga tiga sensor. Secara pedagogis, VL terbukti meningkatkan pemahaman konseptual melalui visualisasi kausalitas gaya-gerak, memfasilitasi pengulangan eksperimen aman tanpa risiko cedera, dan mendukung implementasi blended learning. Kesenjangan penelitian yang tersisa mencakup evaluasi longitudinal transfer pembelajaran, standardisasi protokol validasi VL lintas platform, dan kajian ekuitas akses.
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