Review of the Agronomic and Biochemical Potential of Eucalyptus Plants ( Melaleuca cajuputi ) as Essential Oil Producers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/hayyan.v2i3.3615Keywords:
Melaleuca cajuputi, agroforestryessential oil, 1,8‑cineole, compost, mycorrhiza, varietal selectionAbstract
Studi ini mengeksplorasi potensi agronomi dan biokimia Melaleuca cajuputi (kayu putih) melalui tinjauan pustaka komprehensif penelitian Indonesia yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2019 dan 2024. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas berbagai strategi budidaya khususnya sistem agroforestri, pemupukan organik, dan perbaikan genetik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas minyak atsiri kayu putih. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pola agroforestri menggunakan serai wangi ( Cymbopogon nardus ) yang ditumpangsarikan dengan varietas Sitrona 2 Agribun menghasilkan produksi minyak tertinggi (2,84%) dan kandungan 1,8-sineol (hingga 52,98%). Pemupukan organik menggunakan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman, sementara inokulasi mikoriza arbuskular secara signifikan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup bibit dan perkembangan daun. Lebih lanjut, varietas yang dipilih secara genetik menghasilkan 1,2–1,3% hasil minyak dengan kadar sineol mencapai 68–75%. Temuan ini menunjukkan manfaat sinergis dari praktik agronomi terpadu dan pemuliaan tanaman dalam menghasilkan minyak kayu putih berkualitas tinggi untuk aplikasi industri dan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan.
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