Teacher Communication Strategies: Fostering Critical Thinking Skills in The Classroom
https://doi.org/10.51574/jrip.v5i1.2579
Keywords:
Strategies for teacher communication, Critical thinking in students, Critical discourse analysis Assessment-focused education, Professional development for educatorsAbstract
This study seeks to examine educators' communication tactics in instruction to enhance the development of students' critical thinking abilities. This study employs a qualitative methodology utilizing Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis paradigm to investigate three primary dimensions: texts, discursive practices, and social practices. Data were gathered from lesson plan documents, transcripts of classroom exchanges, and instructional materials at the secondary school level. The findings indicate that teachers predominantly employ directive and evaluative communication strategies, however there are encouraging signs of incorporating open-ended inquiries and rhetorical techniques that promote elaboration. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been uniformly implemented throughout the research population. Furthermore, the research of discursive practices uncovered conflicts between the requirements of an exam-centric educational framework and the necessity to cultivate students' critical thinking abilities. The study revealed that discourses regarding standardization and the integrative role of education impact learning at the level of social practice. This research significantly enhances the comprehension of communication strategy dynamics in education and provides recommendations for the reform of educational policy and teacher professional development. The findings are pertinent for equipping pupils to navigate the complexities of the modern world by fostering critical thinking abilities.
Downloads
References
Agung, I. (2018). Improvement of Teacher Competence and Professionalism and School Management Development in Indonesia. In American Journal of Educational Research (Vol. 6, Issue 10, p. 1388). Science and Education Publishing. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-6-10-8
Akram, A., Arikah, N., Aiman Ananda Pratiwi, R., & Nur Halisa Hasbi, S. (2023). MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN METODE CAR (Classroom Action Research) KELAS XI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN SWASTA MUHAMMADIYAH BUNGORO. Guru Pencerah Semesta, 1(2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.56983/gps.v1i2.617
Anjarsari, M., Rochmiyati, R., & Distrik, I. W. (2022). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Kontekstual pada Pembelajaran Tematik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(3), 466–478. https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v4i3.347
Arifin, Z., & Firmansyah, R. (2020). Implementasi Strategi Think, Talk, Write Dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Al-Islam di SMP Muhammadiyah Pondok Modern Paciran Lamongan. Tadarus, 9(2), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.30651/td.v9i2.6758
Ariyanto, S. R., Lestari, I. W. P., Hasanah, S. U., Rahmah, L., & Purwanto, D. V. (2020). Problem Based Learning dan Argumentation Sebagai Solusi dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 6(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v6i2.2522
Ationg, R., Esa, M. S., Othman, I. W., & Yusoff, M. S. (2021). Trend, Potential and Challenges of Local Languages Learning During the Covid 19 Pandemic. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 6(41), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.641008
Baroroh, R. U., & Tolinggi, S. O. R. (2020). Arabic Learning Base On A Communicative Approach In Non-Pesantren School/ Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Pendekatan Komunikatif Di Madrasah Non-Pesantren. Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning, 3(1), 64–88. https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v3i1.8387
Berliner, D. (2011). Rational responses to high stakes testing: The case of curriculum narrowing and the harm that follows. Cambridge Journal of Education, 41(3), 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2011.607151
Deni Hadiansah, Harmita Sari, Eko Firmansyah, & Rani Rabiussani. (2021). Model Collaborative Learning (CL) dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksplanasi untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Kritis pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Nugraha Kota Bandung. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 7(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v7i1.515
Dewi, I. G. K. K., Kertih, I. W., & Maryati, T. (2023). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPS berbasis Platform TikTok untuk Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP. Media Komunikasi FPIPS, 22(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.23887/mkfis.v22i2.65019
Diana, D., Sukamti, S., & Winahyu, S. E. (2022). Analisis Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran IPA di SD. Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, Dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan, 2(11), 1110–1120. https://doi.org/10.17977/um065v2i112022p1110-1120
Farisma, S., Putra, Y. Y., & Apriani, F. (2023). Pengembangan Lkpd Berbasis Pbl Dengan Langkah Polya Untuk Membantu Siswa Menyelesaikan Masalah Program Linier. Jurnal Karya Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkpm.10.1.2023.59-70
Febrianti, B. T., Ismail, M., Basariah, B., & Mustari, M. (2022). Penerapan Pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Kelas VIII-D Di SMPN 2 Mataram. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(3c), 1791–1796. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i3c.837
Handayani, R., Saharudin, S., Mustopa, A. M. Z., & Trikandi, S. (2022). Teachers’ Experiences in Evaluating Learning Process: A Case Study of Online Learning. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(3), 2061. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2802
Hernanda, V. A., Azzahra, A. Y., & Alfarisy, F. (2022). Pengaruh Penerapan Bahasa Asing dalam Kinerja Pendidikan. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 3(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v3i1.514
Janks, H. (2013). Critical literacy in teaching and research1. Education Inquiry, 4(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.3402/edui.v4i2.22071
Karman, K. (2023). Discourse Analysis Approach and Its Use In The Investigation Of Social Injustice in Text Representation. Komunika, 10(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.22236/komunika.v10i1.10178
Lesmana, E. M., & Bunawan, W. (2016). Jurnal Ikatan Alumni Fisika Universitas Negeri Medan Vol.8 No.2 April Juni ISSN : 2461-1247 Pemanfaatan Instrumen Tes. 8(2), 57–62.
Luke, A. (2012). Critical Literacy: Foundational Notes. Theory into Practice, 51(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2012.636324
Maroun, J., & Tienken, C. H. (2024). The Pernicious Predictability of State-Mandated Tests of Academic Achievement in the United States. Education Sciences, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020129
Mirja, H. (2022). Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sma Negeri 2 Mandau Melalui Model Pembelajaran Reading Guide. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 36(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.362.4
Muntari, Haris, M., Sukib, & Yanti, E. (2019). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing (Guided Discovery) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Kelas X SMAN 4 Mataram. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 4(2), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v4i2.89
Nurhidayat, E., Herdiawan, R. D., & Rofi’i, A. (2022). Pelatihan Peningkatan Literasi Digital Guru Dalam Mengintegrasikan Teknologi di SMP Al-Washilah Panguragan Kabupaten Cirebon. Papanda Journal of Community Service, 1(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.56916/pjcs.v1i1.71
Pedersen, C., Aagaard, T., Daus, S., Nagel, I., Amdam, S. H., Vika, K. S., Røkenes, F. M., & Andreasen, J. K. (2024). Profiling teacher educators’ strategies for professional digital competence development. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 30(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2024.2336612
Purwanti, C. (2020). Eksistensi Bahasa Dalam Komunikasi Interpersonal: Sebuah Pendekatan Interdisipliner [Language Existence in Interpersonal Communication: an Interdiciplinary Approach]. Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah, 16(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v16i2.2261
Putra, N. R. A. (2023). Discourse Analysis on A Governments’ COVID-19 Protocols Video Titled “Social Distancing.” The Art of Teaching English as a Foreign Language, 4(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.36663/tatefl.v4i1.495
Ramadha, I. E., & Zuhaida, A. (2021). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Media Flash Card. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v3i2.834
Retnomurti, A. B., & Hendrawaty, N. (2022). The Analysis of Gender in Metaphors: Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel. Deiksis, 14(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v14i2.10339
Rihlah, J., Hardiningrum, A., & Shari, D. (2022). Pelatihan Five Continuum Language sebagai Dasar Pendidik dan Orang Tua dalam Memberikan Stimulasi Perkembangan Bahasa dan Perilaku Sosial Anak di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2021, 1(1), 1107–1113. https://doi.org/10.33086/snpm.v1i1.927
Riwayatiningsih, R., Susanti, Y., Sulistyani, & PA, M. P. (2022). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Digital Guru Bahasa Inggris Melalui Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif. Journal of the Japan Welding Society, 91(5), 328–341. https://doi.org/10.2207/jjws.91.328
Riyanto, Susantini, & Rahayu. (2013). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Biologi Materi Enzim Berbasis Metode Guided Discovery Learning Untuk Melatih Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis. 3(1), 269–273.
Roosita, B., & Setyawan, A. (2023). Penerapan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Muatan Matematika Tema 5 Materi Pecahan Kelas Iii Sdn Gempoltukmloko. TAKSONOMI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35326/taksonomi.v3i1.3325
Rosiana, R. (2020). Kata kunci: kemampuan, menulis, paragraf, bahasa Indonesia, pertanyaan terstruktur. Jurnal Pedagogiana, 8(4), 13–24.
Saputri, R., Satinem, S., & Murti, S. (2020). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Kontekstual pada Materi Menulis Teks Persuasi Kelas VIII SMP Ar-Risalah Lubuklinggau. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, Dan Asing, 3(1), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v3i1.933
Setyawati, D. H. L., Fakhriyah, F., & Khamdun. (2020). Peningkatan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar Dengan Menerapkan Model Contextual Teaching and Learning Berbantuan Media Lempar Karet Pengetahuan. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, V(Vol 5 Nomor 2 Desember 2020). https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v5i2.3426
Sholichah, A. M., Suhartono, & Mintowati. (2020). Communication Strategy of Indonesia Language. RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya. https://doi.org/10.26858/retorika.13i1.11205
Suantari, N. K. (2020). Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (Circ) Dengan Media Audio Visual. Mimbar Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.23887/mpi.v1i2.30198
Sulistyowati, A. (2019). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Quiz Team Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Materi Pemerintah Kabupaten Dan Kota Pada Siswa Kelas IV SD 4 Kaliwungu. Jurnal Prakarsa Paedagogia, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.24176/jpp.v1i2.3428
Suryandani, P. D., & Budasi, I. G. (2021). an Analysis of Directive Speech Acts Produced By Teachers in Efl Classroom. Journal of English Language and Culture, 12(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.30813/jelc.v12i1.2823
Susanto, D., Muhammad, A. F., Sa’dyah, H., Nabhan, S., & Sumarsono, I. (2022). Pengembangan Kursus Online Interaktif Dengan Sistem E-Learning Dan Gamifikasi. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan (JTP), 15(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.24114/jtp.v15i2.37497
Syafiti, W. U., Budayasa, I. K., & Masriyah, M. (2022). Proses Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Field Independent (FI) dan Field Dependent (FD). Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(3), 3704–3711. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2793
Trixa, J., & Kaspar, K. (2024). Information literacy in the digital age: information sources, evaluation strategies, and perceived teaching competences of pre-service teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(March), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1336436
Wirawan, A. W. (2022). Improving Student Learning Creativity By Using Project-Based Learning. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 5(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v5i2.58296
Yasinta, P., Meirista, E., & Taufik, A. R. (2020). Studi Literatur: Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). ASIMTOT : Jurnal Kependidikan Matematika, 2(2), 129–138.
Yurinda, E. F., & Hidayat, A. (2023). Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Ppkn Menggunakan Model Bingka. Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan, 2(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.33578/kpd.v2i2.194
Wilson, J. (2024). Pragmatics, Utterance Meaning, and Representational Gesture. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009031080

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Harmita Sari, Samsinar Samsinar, Widyawanti Rajiman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.