Generalisasi Kemampuan Mand Anak dengan ASD dalam Natural Invoronment Teaching: Perspektif Terapis ABA

Ayu Sekar Kedhaton; Khairil Musrsyidin; Erna Melina; Aini Mahabbati

doi:10.51574/jrip.v6i3.5806

Authors

Ayu Sekar Kedhaton Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Khairil Musrsyidin Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Erna Melina Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Aini Mahabbati Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Luar Biasa, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3194-9051

Keywords:

ABA, Generalisasi, Manding, Tantangan, Strategi

Abstract

Keterampilan manding (meminta) dalam metode Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) merupakan fondasi komunikasi bagi anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Meskipun berkembang pesat di ruang terapi, anak seringkali gagal menggeneralisasikannya ke lingkungan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi tantangan dan strategi praktis terapis ABA dalam menggeneralisasi kemampuan mand anak ASD dari lingkungan terapi ke lingkungan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi eksploratif, yang melibatkan 6 terapis ABA di BBMI Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam lalu dianalisis menggunakan reflexive thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hambatan utama meliputi motivasi anak yang fluktuatif, ketergantungan prompt, kesulitan transfer situmulus, serta respon orang tua di rumah yang belum konsisten. Strategi penagnagan difokuskan pada rekayasa lingkungan, penerapan pengurangan prompt bertahap (prompt fading), variasi pemberi instruks dan lokasi, serta edukasi keluarga. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun strategi yang diterapkan terapis mampu mendorong kemampuan manding anak, kunci utama keberhasilan generalisasi adalah konsistensi kolaborasi orang tua di rumah guna menjaga keberlanjutan intervensi.

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