Peran Guru PAUD dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini di Kutai Kartanegara

Yuni Ika Pratiwi

doi:10.51574/jrip.v5i3.3967

Authors

Yuni Ika Pratiwi Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam, Samarinda, Indonesia

Keywords:

PAUD, Keterampilan Kognitif, Anak Usia Dini, Pembelajaran Berbasis Bermain

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) dalam meningkatkan keterampilan kognitif anak usia dini di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada bagaimana guru merancang pengalaman belajar berbasis bermain yang mampu menstimulasi perkembangan kognitif anak serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas peran guru di berbagai konteks pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus yang melibatkan sepuluh lembaga PAUD yang dipilih secara purposive, mewakili wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kepala sekolah, guru, dan orang tua, disertai observasi partisipatif serta analisis dokumen kurikulum. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola-pola yang muncul terkait peran guru, praktik pedagogis, dan tantangan kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru PAUD memiliki peran krusial dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir logis, pemecahan masalah, dan kreativitas anak melalui kegiatan bermain terstruktur maupun bebas. Meskipun demikian, terdapat kesenjangan antara lembaga PAUD di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan, terutama dalam hal pelatihan guru, implementasi kurikulum, serta ketersediaan sarana belajar. Guru di daerah pedesaan menunjukkan kreativitas tinggi dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal untuk mendukung pembelajaran, tetapi masih menghadapi keterbatasan fasilitas dan dukungan profesional. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan bagi guru PAUD, pemerataan sumber daya pendidikan, serta penguatan kurikulum yang kontekstual. Selain itu, keterlibatan aktif orang tua dan masyarakat juga sangat penting untuk mendukung perkembangan kognitif anak secara holistik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman tentang peran guru dalam pengembangan kognitif anak usia dini di Indonesia dengan menyoroti perbedaan kontekstual antara PAUD perkotaan dan pedesaan serta memberikan rekomendasi bagi kebijakan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan.

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