Konseling Suportif dan Perubahan Stres yang Dirasakan pada Ibu dengan Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi: Studi Pretest–Posttest
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/illea.v2i2.5582Keywords:
kehamilan risiko tinggi, konseling suportif, kesehatan mental maternal, PSS-10, stres prenatalAbstract
Kehamilan risiko tinggi dapat meningkatkan tekanan psikologis akibat kekhawatiran terhadap kondisi ibu, perkembangan janin, komplikasi kehamilan, dan proses persalinan. Konseling suportif berpotensi membantu ibu mengekspresikan kekhawatiran, memperoleh informasi yang tepat, dan mengembangkan strategi koping yang lebih adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perubahan tingkat stres yang dirasakan pada ibu dengan kehamilan risiko tinggi sebelum dan setelah pemberian konseling suportif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental satu kelompok sebelum–sesudah tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sebanyak 50 ibu dengan kehamilan risiko tinggi di Desa Taccorong, Kabupaten Bulukumba, dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Peserta memperoleh empat sesi konseling suportif individual selama empat minggu, dengan durasi 45–60 menit per sesi. Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stress Scale-10 sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test dengan taraf signifikansi .05. Sebelum intervensi, 3 peserta (6%) mengalami stres ringan, 36 peserta (72%) mengalami stres sedang, dan 11 peserta (22%) mengalami stres berat. Setelah intervensi, jumlah peserta dengan stres ringan meningkat menjadi 42 orang (84%), stres sedang menurun menjadi 8 orang (16%), dan tidak terdapat peserta dengan stres berat. Median skor PSS-10 menurun dari 23,0 (IQR 20,0–26,0) menjadi 10,0 (IQR 8,0–13,0), dengan median perubahan sebesar −12,0 poin (95% CI −14,0 hingga −10,0). Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara skor sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (Z=-6,197), p<.001), dengan ukuran efek besar (r=0,88). Kesimpulan: Tingkat stres yang dirasakan menurun secara bermakna setelah pemberian konseling suportif. Konseling suportif berpotensi menjadi intervensi pendamping dalam pelayanan antenatal bagi ibu dengan kehamilan risiko tinggi. Namun, karena penelitian tidak menggunakan kelompok kontrol, penelitian terkontrol diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi hubungan kausal dan keberlanjutan efek intervensi.
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