NANOMATERIAL BERBASIS GRAFENA UNTUK DETEKSI SENYAWA HIDROKARBON AROMATIK POLISIKLIK: REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/illea.v2i2.5194Keywords:
Grafena, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAH, Sensor LingkunganAbstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) merupakan senyawa pencemar organik yang bersifat toksik, mutagenik, dan karsinogenik sehingga memerlukan metode deteksi yang sensitif dan selektif. Artikel review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan nanomaterial berbasis grafena dalam aplikasi sensor untuk deteksi PAH. Objek kajian meliputi grafena, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), dan graphene quantum dots (GQDs) yang diaplikasikan pada sensor elektrokimia, fluoresensi, dan surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Metode yang digunakan berupa studi literatur dari berbagai artikel ilmiah terkait pengembangan sensor berbasis grafena untuk deteksi PAH pada sampel lingkungan dan pangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa material berbasis grafena memiliki luas permukaan tinggi, konduktivitas listrik yang baik, serta kemampuan transfer elektron yang cepat sehingga mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas dan selektivitas sensor. Kombinasi grafena dengan nanopartikel logam dan material lainnya menghasilkan batas deteksi hingga tingkat nanomolar serta aplikasi yang baik pada sampel nyata seperti air sungai, partikulat udara, urin, dan produk pangan. Dengan demikian, nanomaterial berbasis grafena merupakan material yang sangat menjanjikan dalam pengembangan sensor modern untuk deteksi PAH secara cepat, sensitif, dan efisien meskipun masih terdapat tantangan terkait stabilitas, selektivitas, dan reproduksibilitas sintesis material
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